John Deere 946 Manual: Your Comprehensive Guide

Understanding Your John Deere 946

Key Features and Specifications

The John Deere 946 mower-conditioner is a robust and reliable piece of agricultural equipment, designed for efficient hay production and crop management. It boasts a wide cutting width, typically around 15 feet, allowing for quick coverage of large fields. Its conditioning system, often featuring impellers or rollers, crimps or crushes the crop stems to speed up the drying process, significantly reducing field drying time and improving hay quality. The 946's heavy-duty construction and durable components ensure its longevity and ability to withstand rigorous use in demanding environments. Furthermore, its integrated hydraulic system provides precise control over cutting height, conditioning intensity, and other key operational parameters, allowing operators to optimize performance based on specific crop and field conditions. A deep understanding of these specifications is critical for maximizing the efficiency and lifespan of your John Deere 946.

Understanding the specifications of your John Deere 946 beyond just the cutting width and conditioning type is paramount for effective maintenance. Knowing the engine horsepower, typically ranging from 125-150 hp, is essential for proper fueling and preventing overload. The hydraulic system's operating pressure and fluid capacity are crucial for diagnosing and resolving hydraulic issues. Regularly consult your operator's manual for precise fluid recommendations and maintenance schedules to avoid costly repairs. The cutterbar speed, often adjustable, impacts cutting efficiency and should be calibrated to the type of crop being harvested. Familiarizing yourself with these deeper specifications will empower you to troubleshoot problems more effectively and maintain your 946 in optimal condition for years to come.

Safety Precautions and Guidelines

Operating a John Deere 946 mower-conditioner requires strict adherence to safety precautions to prevent accidents and injuries. Before beginning any operation, thoroughly inspect the machine for any signs of damage, leaks, or missing components. Ensure that all guards and shields are in place and properly secured. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety glasses, hearing protection, and sturdy footwear. Never operate the mower-conditioner under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Remember, a momentary lapse in concentration can have devastating consequences when working with heavy machinery.

Furthermore, always be aware of your surroundings while operating the John Deere 946. Keep a safe distance from bystanders, especially children and animals. Before making any turns or backing up, carefully check for obstacles and ensure a clear path. Never attempt to clear clogs or perform maintenance while the machine is running. Always shut off the engine and engage the parking brake before dismounting. Regularly inspect the area for rocks, debris, or other hazards that could damage the machine or cause injury. Educate all operators on these safety procedures before allowing them to operate the 946 to promote a safe working environment.

Control Panel Overview and Functionality

The control panel of the John Deere 946 mower-conditioner is the nerve center for operating and monitoring the machine. It typically includes gauges for engine speed, hydraulic pressure, and fuel level, providing real-time feedback on the machine's performance. Switches and levers control various functions, such as cutterbar height, conditioning intensity, and header lift. Understanding the function of each control is crucial for maximizing efficiency and achieving optimal results. Familiarize yourself with the location and purpose of each control before operating the machine.

Beyond the basic controls, the John Deere 946's control panel may also feature diagnostic indicators and warning lights. These indicators alert the operator to potential problems, such as low oil pressure, overheating, or hydraulic system malfunctions. Addressing these warnings promptly can prevent serious damage and costly repairs. Modern 946 models may also incorporate electronic control units (ECUs) with digital displays, providing more detailed information about the machine's performance and allowing for customized settings. Regularly consult your operator's manual for a comprehensive explanation of all control panel functions and diagnostic indicators. Taking the time to understand these features will significantly improve your ability to operate and maintain your John Deere 946 effectively.

Operating Procedures

Pre-Operation Checklist

Before firing up your John Deere 946 mower-conditioner, a thorough pre-operation checklist is absolutely crucial. This vital step ensures the machine is in optimal working condition, reducing the risk of breakdowns and maximizing field performance. A careful inspection will catch potential problems before they become costly repairs or, worse, safety hazards. Take the time to perform each step methodically, paying close attention to the details, and you'll extend the life of your equipment while improving its overall reliability and efficiency.

Start by visually inspecting the entire machine for any signs of damage, loose connections, or leaks. Pay particular attention to the cutting blades, ensuring they are sharp and securely fastened. Check the belts and pulleys for wear or damage, and ensure they are properly aligned and tensioned. Don't forget to examine the hydraulic hoses and fittings for any signs of cracks, leaks, or deterioration. These preventative steps could prevent a simple problem from becoming a catastrophic, expensive repair.

Next, confirm that all fluid levels, including engine oil, coolant, and hydraulic fluid, are at their recommended levels. Consult your owner's manual for the specific fluid types and quantities. Ensure all grease points are properly lubricated to reduce friction and wear on moving parts. Confirm tire pressure is correct to ensure optimal ground contact and even weight distribution. The proper lubrication of the machine is key to its longevity and ability to perform to expectations.

Starting and Stopping the Machine

Properly starting your John Deere 946 is essential to prevent engine damage and ensure a smooth start to your work day. Always refer to your owner's manual for the manufacturer's specific starting procedures, as variations may exist depending on the model year and specific configuration. Engage the parking brake before attempting to start the engine to prevent accidental movement of the machine. Ensure the cutting head is disengaged and lowered to the ground.

Insert the key into the ignition and turn it to the "on" position, allowing the system to check itself. If necessary on a cold start, engage the cold start assist or ether injection system according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Crank the engine until it starts, avoiding prolonged cranking which can damage the starter motor. Once the engine has started, allow it to idle for a few minutes to warm up and allow the fluids to circulate properly. Do not start operating the machine at full capacity without letting it warm up first.

When stopping the machine, allow the engine to idle for a few minutes to cool down before shutting it off. This is particularly important after operating under heavy loads or in hot weather. Engage the parking brake, disengage the cutting head, and lower it to the ground. Turn the key to the "off" position and remove it from the ignition. After stopping the machine, it is a good idea to do a quick walkaround, visually inspecting for any new leaks or issues that may have surfaced during operation.

Adjusting Cutting Height and Conditioning Settings

Achieving the optimal cut and conditioning of your forage crop requires precise adjustment of the cutting height and conditioning settings on your John Deere 946. Cutting height determines the length of the stubble left in the field, impacting regrowth and subsequent harvests. Conditioning settings, such as roller pressure and spacing, influence the speed at which the forage dries. Making the right adjustments can dramatically increase yield, forage quality, and help reduce moisture content quicker.

Adjusting the cutting height is usually done via mechanical linkages or hydraulic cylinders that raise or lower the cutting platform. Consult your owner's manual for the specific adjustment mechanisms on your model. Aim for a cutting height that is appropriate for your forage type and the desired stubble height. Too low, and you risk scalping the ground and damaging the cutting blades. Too high, and you leave valuable forage behind. Monitor this as you work to see if adjustments are necessary based on terrain or forage quality.

Conditioning settings are typically adjusted by varying the pressure and spacing between the conditioning rollers. Higher pressure and tighter spacing will result in more aggressive conditioning, which can be beneficial for thick-stemmed crops. However, excessive conditioning can lead to leaf shatter and loss of nutrients. Experiment with different settings to find the optimal balance between drying speed and forage quality. Take the time to learn which setting is most appropriate based on the specific cutting task at hand.

Field Operation Techniques for Optimal Performance

Maximizing the performance and efficiency of your John Deere 946 in the field requires employing proper operating techniques. This involves understanding the machine's capabilities, adapting to varying field conditions, and maintaining a consistent operating speed. A skilled operator can significantly increase the amount of forage harvested in a day, and also minimize wear and tear on the machine. This equates to both increased profits and reduced operational costs.

Before entering the field, assess the crop density and uniformity. Adjust your operating speed accordingly to avoid overloading the machine or leaving behind uncut forage. Maintain a consistent ground speed to ensure even cutting and conditioning. Monitor the engine load and adjust your speed if necessary to prevent lugging or stalling. Watch out for uneven terrain, rocks, or other obstacles that could damage the cutting head or other components.

Regularly inspect the cut quality and conditioning throughout the day. If you notice any inconsistencies, adjust the cutting height, conditioning settings, or operating speed as needed. Pay attention to the wind direction and adjust your cutting pattern accordingly to minimize windrow drifting. At the end of each day, clean the machine thoroughly to remove any accumulated debris, and perform a quick inspection to identify any potential issues before they become major problems. Proactive monitoring is the key to a long operational life for your machine.

Maintenance and Servicing

Scheduled Maintenance Intervals

Maintaining your John Deere 946 is crucial for ensuring its longevity and optimal performance. A well-defined maintenance schedule, adhered to diligently, prevents costly repairs down the line and keeps your machine running smoothly season after season. Consult your operator's manual for the exact recommended intervals, but generally, you'll be looking at hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and annual checks and services. Ignoring these schedules can lead to decreased efficiency, increased fuel consumption, and ultimately, significant mechanical problems. Keeping a logbook of your maintenance activities is highly recommended; this provides a clear record of what has been done and when, making future servicing easier and more efficient. Regular maintenance not only extends the lifespan of your machine but also contributes to a safer operating environment.

Lubrication Points and Procedures

Proper lubrication is the lifeblood of any mechanical system, and your John Deere 946 is no exception. Identifying and lubricating all grease fittings and moving parts according to the recommended schedule is paramount. Use only high-quality grease specifically designed for agricultural equipment, as cheaper alternatives may not provide adequate protection and can even damage components. Before applying grease, clean the fitting thoroughly to prevent introducing dirt or debris into the bearing. Apply grease slowly and steadily until you see fresh grease purging from the bearing seals; this indicates that the old, contaminated grease has been fully displaced. Remember that over-greasing can also be detrimental, so always refer to the operator's manual for specific instructions on the appropriate amount of lubricant to use.

Belt Inspection and Replacement

The belts on your John Deere 946 are essential for transmitting power from the engine to various components like the cutting blades and hydraulic systems. Regular inspection of these belts for wear, cracks, fraying, or glazing is crucial. Tension is also a key factor. A belt that is too loose will slip, reducing power transfer and causing premature wear, while a belt that is too tight will put undue stress on bearings and other components. To check the tension, consult your operator's manual for the proper deflection measurements. If a belt shows signs of significant wear or damage, or if it consistently slips despite proper tensioning, it should be replaced immediately. When replacing a belt, always use a genuine John Deere replacement belt to ensure proper fit and performance.

Blade Sharpening and Replacement

Sharp blades are critical for achieving a clean, efficient cut and reducing stress on the mower's engine and drive system. Dull blades tear and shred grass, leading to an uneven cut and potentially damaging the turf. Sharpening blades regularly is essential, but avoid over-sharpening, which can weaken the metal and make them more prone to breaking. Use a blade balancer after sharpening to ensure that the blades are properly balanced; an unbalanced blade can cause excessive vibration, leading to premature wear on spindles and bearings. When blades become excessively worn, damaged, or bent, they must be replaced. Always replace blades in sets to maintain balance and ensure even cutting performance. Follow all safety precautions when handling and sharpening blades, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and safety glasses.

Hydraulic System Maintenance

The hydraulic system is responsible for powering many of the critical functions of your John Deere 946, including lifting and adjusting the cutting deck. Regular maintenance of this system is essential to prevent leaks, maintain proper pressure, and ensure smooth operation. Check hydraulic fluid levels regularly and top up as needed with the recommended type of fluid. Inspect hoses and fittings for leaks, cracks, or damage, and replace them immediately if any are found. Periodically change the hydraulic fluid and filter according to the recommended schedule; this removes contaminants and helps to prevent internal damage. When working on the hydraulic system, always relieve the pressure before disconnecting any lines to prevent injury. Any unusual noises or erratic operation of the hydraulic system should be investigated and addressed promptly.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Even with the best maintenance practices, problems can occasionally arise with your John Deere 946. Familiarize yourself with common issues such as engine starting problems, poor cutting performance, hydraulic system malfunctions, and electrical problems. Before attempting any repairs, consult your operator's manual for troubleshooting guidance. Check simple things first, such as fuel levels, battery connections, and air filter condition. If you are not comfortable performing repairs yourself, seek assistance from a qualified mechanic. When diagnosing problems, be thorough and methodical, documenting your findings as you go. This will help you identify the root cause of the issue and ensure that it is properly resolved. Remember that preventative maintenance is always the best approach, and regular servicing can help to minimize the likelihood of encountering these common issues.

Repair and Parts Replacement

Identifying Parts Using Exploded Diagrams

Understanding how to identify specific parts on your John Deere 946 is crucial for effective maintenance and repair. Exploded diagrams, found within this manual and often available online through John Deere's parts catalog, provide a detailed visual breakdown of each component within the tractor's systems. These diagrams display each part individually, along with its corresponding part number, making identification straightforward. Familiarize yourself with these diagrams to quickly pinpoint the exact part you need when troubleshooting issues or planning a repair. This will save you time and prevent ordering incorrect components, ensuring a smooth repair process. Remember to cross-reference the diagram with the accompanying parts list for accurate identification.

When using exploded diagrams, pay close attention to the orientation and assembly sequence of the parts. The diagrams typically illustrate the order in which components are assembled during manufacturing. Disregarding this sequence during reassembly can lead to improper function or even damage to the system. Look for arrows or numbering within the diagram that indicates the correct order. Furthermore, note any specific tools or techniques required for assembly, as described in the accompanying text. Always use the correct torque specifications when tightening fasteners, as over-tightening can strip threads and under-tightening can lead to loosening and failure.

Repairing Minor Mechanical Issues

Many common mechanical issues with the John Deere 946 can be resolved with basic tools and a little know-how. Before undertaking any repair, ensure the tractor is safely shut down, the engine is cool, and the parking brake is engaged. Consult the troubleshooting section of this manual to accurately diagnose the problem before attempting any repairs. Simple fixes, such as replacing a worn belt or tightening a loose connection, can often restore functionality without requiring extensive disassembly. Remember to always use appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and eye protection, to prevent injury.

When tackling minor repairs, meticulousness and careful observation are key. Before removing any components, take photographs or make sketches of their original positions. This will serve as a valuable reference during reassembly, preventing errors and ensuring proper function. Clean all parts thoroughly before reinstalling them, removing any dirt, debris, or corrosion that could impede performance. Lubricate moving parts with the appropriate grease or oil, as specified in the maintenance schedule, to reduce friction and extend their lifespan. After completing the repair, thoroughly test the system to verify that the issue has been resolved and that all components are functioning correctly.

Replacing Worn or Damaged Components

Over time, certain components on your John Deere 946 will inevitably wear out or become damaged, requiring replacement. Identifying these components early through regular inspections and preventative maintenance can prevent more serious problems down the line. Worn bearings, cracked hoses, and damaged seals are common culprits that should be addressed promptly. When replacing a component, always use genuine John Deere replacement parts or high-quality aftermarket alternatives that meet or exceed the original specifications. Using inferior parts can compromise performance and potentially damage other components in the system.

The process of replacing components often involves disassembling adjacent parts. Take the time to carefully document the disassembly process, noting the position of each part and any specific tools or techniques required. Before installing the new component, thoroughly clean the surrounding area to remove any dirt or debris. Apply the appropriate lubricant to any mating surfaces to facilitate smooth installation and prevent premature wear. Always tighten fasteners to the specified torque values, using a calibrated torque wrench to ensure accuracy. After completing the replacement, thoroughly test the system to verify proper function and leak-free operation.

Ordering Replacement Parts

When the time comes to order replacement parts for your John Deere 946, having the correct part number is essential. As mentioned earlier, exploded diagrams are invaluable for identifying parts and their corresponding part numbers. The John Deere parts catalog, available online or through your local dealer, provides a comprehensive listing of all available parts. When ordering, be prepared to provide the tractor's model number and serial number to ensure you receive the correct parts for your specific machine. This information helps the dealer verify compatibility and prevents ordering errors.

Consider ordering parts from a reputable source to ensure quality and reliability. Authorized John Deere dealers offer genuine replacement parts that are designed and manufactured to meet the highest standards. While aftermarket parts may be available at a lower price, they may not offer the same level of performance or durability. When selecting aftermarket parts, choose a reputable brand known for producing high-quality components. Before placing your order, confirm the parts availability and estimated delivery time to avoid delays in your repair project. Always keep a record of your parts orders for future reference.

Storage and Winterization

Preparing the Machine for Long-Term Storage

Properly preparing your John Deere 946 for storage is crucial for its longevity and optimal performance when you're ready to put it back into service. Begin by thoroughly cleaning the tractor, removing all accumulated dirt, debris, and plant matter. This prevents corrosion and minimizes the risk of rodent infestations, which can cause significant damage to wiring and other components. Next, lubricate all grease fittings according to the maintenance schedule outlined in this manual; old grease can dry out and become less effective, leaving components vulnerable to rust. Finally, inspect all fluids, including engine oil, coolant, hydraulic fluid, and fuel, checking for contamination or degradation, and change them as needed to ensure they are fresh and ready for use when you restart the machine.

Fuel stabilization is absolutely essential when storing a tractor for an extended period. Untreated gasoline can degrade and form varnish, which clogs fuel lines, injectors, and carburetors, resulting in starting problems and reduced engine performance. Add a fuel stabilizer to the fuel tank according to the manufacturer's instructions; be sure to run the engine for a few minutes after adding the stabilizer to circulate it throughout the fuel system. Consider draining the carburetor or fuel tank completely if the tractor will be stored for a very long time to prevent any residual fuel from causing issues. Consult your local John Deere dealer or a qualified mechanic for specific recommendations on fuel stabilization products and procedures best suited for your area and climate.

Protecting Against Corrosion and Damage

Protecting your tractor from the elements during storage is critical to prevent rust, corrosion, and other damage. Ideally, store the tractor indoors in a dry, well-ventilated location. If indoor storage is not available, cover the tractor with a waterproof and breathable cover to shield it from rain, snow, and direct sunlight. Avoid using plastic tarps, as they can trap moisture and promote corrosion. Check the tire pressure and inflate them to the recommended pressure to prevent flat spots from developing during storage; if possible, lift the tractor off the ground using blocks or stands to take the weight off the tires entirely.

Rodents and insects can cause significant damage to your tractor during storage. They can chew on wiring, hoses, and upholstery, leading to costly repairs. Implement preventative measures, such as placing rodent bait stations around the storage area and sealing any potential entry points. Consider using mothballs or other insect repellents to deter insects from nesting in the tractor. Regularly inspect the storage area for signs of rodent or insect activity and take appropriate action to address any infestations promptly. Remember, preventative maintenance is always less expensive and more effective than repairing damage caused by pests.

Starting Up After Storage

Before starting the tractor after storage, perform a thorough inspection to ensure everything is in working order. Check all fluid levels, including engine oil, coolant, hydraulic fluid, and fuel, and top them off as needed. Inspect the tires for proper inflation and check for any signs of damage or wear. Reconnect the battery and ensure the terminals are clean and corrosion-free. Check all belts and hoses for cracks, wear, or deterioration and replace them if necessary; it is always best to replace worn components before they fail during operation.

When starting the tractor, do not immediately operate it at full throttle. Allow the engine to warm up gradually to ensure proper lubrication and prevent damage. Check for any leaks or unusual noises during the warm-up process. Operate all controls and attachments to ensure they are functioning correctly and smoothly. If you encounter any problems, consult this manual or contact your local John Deere dealer for assistance. Regular maintenance and careful operation are essential for the longevity and reliability of your John Deere 946 tractor, maximizing its value and productivity for years to come.

Appendix

Wiring Diagrams

Understanding the wiring diagrams for your John Deere 946 is crucial for diagnosing and resolving electrical issues. These diagrams provide a visual representation of the entire electrical system, showing the connections between various components such as the battery, starter, alternator, lights, sensors, and control modules. When troubleshooting electrical problems, always refer to the appropriate wiring diagram to trace the circuit and identify any potential breaks, shorts, or faulty connections. Remember to disconnect the battery before working on any electrical components to prevent accidental shocks or damage to the system. Furthermore, use a multimeter to test for voltage, continuity, and resistance as you follow the wiring diagram, which can help pinpoint the exact location of the electrical fault.

The wiring diagrams are typically located in the operator's manual or service manual for the John Deere 946. Look for sections titled "Electrical System," "Wiring Schematics," or similar headings. The diagrams are often complex, with numerous wires and symbols, so take your time and study them carefully. It's also useful to have a printed copy of the diagram available when you're working on the tractor, so you can easily refer to it as you trace the wires. Using colored pencils to highlight specific circuits on the diagram can greatly enhance clarity and improve your troubleshooting efficiency. Always ensure you are using the correct wiring diagram for your specific model year and configuration of the John Deere 946, as there might be subtle differences between different versions.

Hydraulic Schematics

The hydraulic system of the John Deere 946 is responsible for powering various functions, including lifting, steering, and operating implements. Hydraulic schematics are essential tools for understanding the flow of hydraulic fluid throughout the system. These diagrams depict the hydraulic pumps, valves, cylinders, hoses, and reservoirs, illustrating how they are interconnected and how they work together to perform specific tasks. When diagnosing hydraulic problems, such as leaks, slow response times, or complete failure, the hydraulic schematics will help you trace the path of the fluid and identify any potential issues with the components along the way.

Before working on the hydraulic system, always relieve the pressure to prevent injury or damage. Refer to the operator's manual for instructions on how to safely relieve the pressure in the hydraulic system of your John Deere 946. The hydraulic schematics will show you the location of the various valves and connections, as well as the direction of fluid flow. Use this information to identify any restrictions or blockages in the system. Pay close attention to the symbols used in the schematics, as they represent different types of valves, cylinders, and other components. A thorough understanding of these symbols is crucial for accurately interpreting the diagram and identifying the source of the hydraulic problem. Be sure to inspect hoses, fittings, and seals for any signs of wear or damage, which can lead to leaks and reduced hydraulic performance.

Torque Specifications

Proper torque is essential when assembling and repairing the John Deere 946. Torque specifications define the amount of force that should be applied to a fastener, such as a bolt or nut, to ensure a secure and reliable connection. Under-torquing a fastener can lead to loosening, vibration, and eventual failure, while over-torquing can damage the fastener or the surrounding components. Always consult the torque specifications table in the service manual before tightening any bolts or nuts on the tractor. Torque specifications are usually given in units of foot-pounds (ft-lbs) or Newton-meters (Nm), depending on the manual and region. Using a calibrated torque wrench is crucial for applying the correct amount of torque and avoiding damage to the components.

The torque specifications table typically lists the torque values for different sizes and types of fasteners, as well as the specific components they are used to assemble. Pay attention to any special instructions, such as whether the fasteners should be lubricated or dry, and whether a specific tightening sequence should be followed. In critical applications, such as engine head bolts or connecting rod bolts, it is essential to follow the torque specifications precisely to ensure the engine operates properly and avoids catastrophic failure. After tightening the fasteners to the specified torque, it is often recommended to re-torque them after a certain period of operation to account for settling and ensure they remain properly tightened. Always use the correct size and type of socket or wrench to avoid damaging the fastener head or nut.

Troubleshooting Charts

Troubleshooting charts are invaluable tools for diagnosing and resolving common problems with the John Deere 946. These charts provide a systematic approach to identifying the cause of a problem by guiding you through a series of questions and tests. By answering the questions and performing the tests, you can narrow down the possible causes and eventually pinpoint the source of the issue. Troubleshooting charts are typically organized by symptom, such as "Engine Will Not Start," "Hydraulic System Not Working," or "Transmission Slipping." Each symptom is followed by a series of potential causes and recommended actions to take.

When using a troubleshooting chart, start by carefully observing the symptoms of the problem and selecting the appropriate chart. Then, follow the steps outlined in the chart, answering the questions and performing the tests as directed. Be sure to record your observations and test results, as this will help you track your progress and avoid repeating steps. The troubleshooting chart may recommend checking specific components, testing electrical circuits, or inspecting hydraulic lines. Follow these recommendations carefully, and use the appropriate tools and equipment to perform the tests safely and accurately. If you are unsure about any of the steps, consult the service manual or seek assistance from a qualified technician. Remember to always disconnect the battery before performing any electrical tests, and relieve the pressure in the hydraulic system before working on hydraulic components.